Essay --

1. PAPILDYTOS REALYBÄâ€"S MIKROPROGRAMÃ… ² SAVYBÄâ€"S IR REIKALAVIMAI 1.1 Papildytos realybÄâ€"s samprata ir savybÄâ€"s Papildyta realybÄâ€" (angl. augmented reality, lietuviÃ… ¡kai dar vadinama iÃ… ¡plÄâ€"stine tikrove) – tai sparÄ iai populiarÄâ€"janti nauja technologija, leidÃ… ¾ianti realiu laiku per vaizdo stebÄâ€"jimo Ä ¯rangÄ… matomÄ… vaizdÄ… papildyti virtualiais objektais ir informacija (1 pav.). Tarp daugybÄâ€"s skaitmeniniÃ… ³ nuotraukÃ… ³, televizijos reklamÃ… ³ ir video filmÃ… ³ kartais sunku suprasti, kur prasideda papildyta realybÄâ€", o kur tik skaitmeniniai elementai. Grafikos redagavimo programa (pavyzdÃ… ¾iui „Photoshopâ€Å" ar „Corel Drawâ€Å") nuotraukos realÃ… ³ vaizdÄ… papildÃ… ¾ius 2D iÃ… ¡galvotais objektais, papildyta realybÄâ€" nebus sukuriama – nÄâ€"ra 3D elementÃ… ³ ir interaktyvumo, o tai yra labai svarbios Ã… ¡ios technologijos sÄ…lygos. Ã…  iai technologijai taip pat nepriskiriami filmai ir televizija. Kai kurie filmai, tokie kaip „JÃ… «ros periodo parkasâ€Å" ar „Avatarasâ€Å" gausiai naudoja erdvinius ir virtualius objektus, sklandÃ… ¾iai perdengtus su realia 3D aplinka, taÄ iau jie nÄâ€"ra interaktyvÃ… «s ir negali bÃ… «ti priskirti papildytai realybei. Siekiant plaÄ iau Ä ¯sigilinti Ä ¯ papildytos realybÄâ€"a sÄ…vokÄ…, iÃ… ¡skirsime tris pagrindines jos savybes [9]: 1) galimybÄ™ sujungti tikrÄ… ir virtualiÄ… informacijÄ…; 2) papildyta realybÄâ€" yra interaktyvi realiu laiku; 3) papildyta realybÄâ€" veikia ir yra naudojama 3D aplinkoje. Papildytos realybÄâ€"s sistemos dÄâ€"l naudojamÃ… ³ platformÃ… ³ gali bÃ… «ti skirstomos Ä ¯ dvi kategorijas: mobilias ir fiksuotas. Mobili papildytos realybÄâ€"s sistema suteikia vartotojui judÄâ€"jimo laisvÄ™ daugybÄâ€"je aplinkÃ… ³, o fiksuota sistema atvirkÃ… ¡Ã„ iai – negali bÃ… «ti perkelta ir yra naudojama tik ten, kur yra Ä ¯rengta. IÃ… ¡skiriamos keturios papildytos realybÄâ€"s platformos: 1) asmeniniai kompiuteriai su internetinÄâ€"mis kamero... ...aguoja Ä ¯ Ã… ¾mogaus ar kitÃ… ³ objektÃ… ³ prisilietimus, ir suteikia jiems virtualiÄ… informacijÄ… realiu laiku. Tinkamiausias pavyzdys Ã… ¡iam metodui suvokti yra „Microsoftâ€Å" projektas „LightSpaceâ€Å", kuriame panaudota papildyta realybÄâ€" ir 2007-ais metais iÃ… ¡leistas „Microsoftâ€Å" stalinis kompiuteris „Surface. „LightSpaceâ€Å" sukuria aplinkÄ…, kurioje bet koks pavirÃ… ¡ius ir netgi erdvÄâ€" tarp tÃ… ³ pavirÃ… ¡iÃ… ³ yra visiÃ… ¡kai interaktyvÃ… «s [12]. Kombinacija tarp pavirÃ… ¡inÄâ€"s kompiuterijos ir papildytos realybÄâ€"s yra vadinama erdvine kompiuterija (angl. spatial computing). „LightSpaceâ€Å" kameros ir projektoriai yra sukalibruoti Ä ¯ 3D realaus pasaulio koordinates, kurios Ä ¯galina tas kameras ir projektorius atvaizduoti bei stebÄâ€"ti grafines projekcijas ant bet kokio pavirÃ… ¡iaus – tam nÄâ€"ra reikalingas skaitmeninis pavirÃ… ¡ius. Ä ®diegus tokiÄ… sistemÄ… Ä ¯ bet kokiÄ… patalpÄ… ji tampa skaitmenine, interaktyvia erdve [13].

Love in “A Midsummer Nights Dream” Essay

In Shakespeare’s â€Å"a Midsummer Nights Dream† love is shown in many different ways. During the play there are many different sub-stories and extra plots that it is easy for Shakespeare to add many different ideas, these sub-stories in the play are the story of Pyrimus & Thisbee and also the story of the Fairy King and Queen Oberon and Titania. With these added plots in place Shakespeare adds the themes of deceit, magic and confusion. In Act 1 Scene 1 parental love is shown when Hermia’s father Egeus tries to get his daughter to marry Demetrius who he believes is much better for Hermia than her true love Lysander. Egeus believes he is protecting his daughter by attempting to force her to marry Demetrius but is actually going against his daughters wishes as she wants to marry Lysander, Egeus then presents her with an ultimatum which makes her choose to marry Demetrius of live a Celibate life in the church and it is at this point in the play that Hermia and Lysander choose to runaway. This is a good example of parental love going terribly wrong as Egeus loses control over his daughter when she deceives him by running away with the man her father disapproves of her marrying, this also starts of the plot of the confused lovers. Shakespeare portrays the confusion between Hermia, Lysander, Helena and Demetrius by using the fairies and the ideas of dreams and magic so the reader cannot tell what is reality and what is fantasy. It is at this point in the play when the fairies are brought into the play as the mischievous ‘Puck’ causes mayhem between the four Athenians. The confusion is caused when Oberon sees Helena constantly doting over Demetrius despite Demetrius’s love for Hermia, he then sends Puck to fetch a magical flower to put on the eyes of Demetrius so that he would wake and set eyes on Helena and fall in love with her, but this all goes wrong when he places the flower on Lysander’s eyes and he is woken by Helena, consequently falling in love with Helena and snubbing Hermia. The confusion thickens further as Puck then also applies the magical flower to Demetrius and he also falls in love with Helena and results in Lysander and Demetrius fighting over Helena. This keeps the r eaders interest because of the sudden role reversal between Hermia and Helena. The Confused Lovers is written into the play well into the play very well and effectively and by portraying it using fantasy and  magic Shakespeare is able to add another dimension to the play. By bringing magic into the play Shakespeare introduces the deceitful element to the love and also a higher level magical degree. The story of Oberon and Titania is one of Male Dominance, Jealousy and Conflict. Titania and Oberon are king and queen of the fairies and there relationship affects the goings on of nature. Titania’s part in the play is highly unpredictable as she shows love for 3 different characters; these characters are Oberon, Nick Bottom, and The changeling child. These are three different types of love, her love for Oberon seems forced and full of conflict, her love for Nick Bottom is due to the same magic as used on the confused lovers and her love for the Changeling Child is out of care and consideration as she has rescued it. The changeling child sparks the argument between Oberon and Titania and this leads to Titania’s abrupt love for Nick Bottom. This is planned by Oberon as revenge for Titania not giving him the changeling child as a servant. Titania’s love for Bottom is only due to magic and many other aspects, one of these aspects is Titania’s love of being in love and the love for bottom is very wrong. It is wrong as he is an innocent victim of Oberon and Puck’s trouble making and cannot do anything to stop what has happened and Titania takes advantage of this using her beauty and the luxurious treatment he gives him to get what she wants while he believes it is a dream, we realise this as he isn’t sure where he is or what happened to him. There is love between Hermia and Lysander and also Demetrius and Helena either side of the confusion when the four venture into the forest. The love between Lysander and Hermia is very true and exists from Lysander to Hermia and vice versa. This is displayed very early on in the play when Lysander refuses to give up on Hermia when her father demands she marry Demetrius and also when Hermia is willing to run away from a life of spoils and riches just to be with Lysander. This love is still the same at the end as neither Hermia nor Lysander have any memory of what happened due to magic yet again. On the other hand the love between Demetrius & Helena is forever changing up until the end of the play, at the start Helena’s love for Demetrius is doting and obsessive but Demetrius returns none of this love. This is well  shown when they are in the forest and Helena says â€Å"the more thy object me the more I dote on you† she continues to make comments like this even when Demetrius continually rejects her, it is obvious he dislikes Helena as he makes comments such as â€Å"I love thee not, therefore pursue me not† this makes it obvious to Helena that Demetrius dislikes her but she still pursues him right up until the end of the play when he finally falls in love with her. Although once more this love is only due to the magical works of Puck. The problems between Hermia and her father are resolved when the four now unconfused lovers are found by Theseus and Egeus in the forest, Theseus then heard of there love for each other and declared â€Å"fair lovers you are fortunately met† and all happiness is achieved. The four lovers have no memory of the events that have happened and think it is all a dream but it is actually reality. Shakespeare uses a variation of techniques and themes to portray love in â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream†. Many are successful but the sub plot of Pyramus and Thisbee is unsuccessful as it does not play a major part in the play and the reader knows that the happenings of the play are not reality but with the other themes the reader does not know whether the happenings were reality or not. The other themes are successful because of the fact that there is no differentiating between reality and dreams, I think Shakespeare is successful in portraying love in the play and I also believe that his extensive use of various themes is a key to this success.

A Career in Broadcasting - 901 Words

â€Å"Bosh rebound, out to Allen, Allen†¦BANG!† shouts Jeff Van Gundy, the broadcaster for the Miami Heat. Broadcasting is a profession that requires speech and writing skills to announce live sport games for viewers to listen. When broadcasting a live game, the main goal is to keep the spectators entertained (Ferguson Publishing Company 72). Sports casting is an underrated profession because of how important their role is to the game. Broadcasters not only entertain fans but also add exciting commentary that explains the game and gives details about statistics. My goal in life is to become a play-by-play broadcaster for professional sports. To properly explore a sport broadcasting career, the educational requirements, the working conditions†¦show more content†¦With the ability to speak two languages, jobs outside of the US for that specific country would open. Being creative and spontaneous are very important attributes. During broadcasting, viewers donâ€℠¢t want to listen to a quiet, humdrum, ugly, and inexperience person. Having an internship or some experience would help getting a job in the sports casting field. ESPN offers an internship that is 10 weeks long, 40 hours a day, and pays! The only requirements are a passion for sports and â€Å"currently matriculating within a degree and scheduled to graduate within 12 months of internship† (ESPN). Overall, having some sort of experience with broadcasting is essential. Not only are educational and job requirements important but working conditions are also a key factor. Sportscasters usually work in clean, well-lit, soundproof booth located in radio or television studios, or in special media rooms at the facilities that host sports events. Depending on the sportscaster’s schedule, he or she may work odd hours, but still makes for a long day (AGCAS editors). Time constraints and deadlines can create havoc and add stress to an already stressful job; often a sportscaster h as to race back to the studio, after broadcasting a game, to make a final evening broadcast. Sportscasters who deliver play-by-play commentary on the radio, have to describe everything that is going on in the game as it happens,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of the Radio Broadcast Assistant1085 Words   |  5 PagesAssistance. The role of Broadcast Assistance is very important within the radio broadcasting industry. Their job is to control everything that gets put on air, for example music, packages, jingles and also the voice of the presenters. Within my essay I will look into what exactly the Broadcasting Assistance job in tales while finding sources and other types of media to help show how and what is needed to be done while broadcasting within the Radio Industry. Radio Broadcast Assistance or depending onRead MoreAmerica Is A Melting Pot1629 Words   |  7 Pagesand minorities. The broadcasting industry has been guilty of this discrimination. There has been blatant discrimination against women newscasters. â€Å"Women journalists initially had difficulty breaking into the broadcast news field and did not begin to make real strides towards equality until the 1960s and 1970s† ( Irvin) . This is very discouraging to young women interested in this career. Even after they manage to get hired, women do not often get lead roles in broadcasting. Women have always beenRead MoreBroadcasting And Sound Engineering Technicians1214 Words   |  5 Pages For people who like to work with computers and be on TV, broadcasting is the job for them. Broadcasters need a certain education and training; they also need have definite responsibilities and special skills. Finally, the potential advancements as well as the demand and outlook for broadcasters to come in positive. 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Oprah had quite a few talk shows yet she made the most money off her own show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, and now has her individual networkRead MoreRooney Pickney Arledge831 Words   |  3 PagesThis quote was said by television broadcasting executive Roone Pickney Arledge, a person whom Life Magazine declared â€Å"One of the 100 most important Americans of the 20th Century† and is considered by many to be the father of modern televised sports (Boss). This quote by Arledge is an example of his talent and know-how for developing new ideas that not only provide a quality viewing experience, but also appeal to a mass audience. His ideas were revolutionary, and changed the way sports were watchedRead More Cox Enterprises Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagesestablishment of Cox Enterprises began in 1898 when James M. Cox purchased the Dayton Evening News in Ohio . Prior to the success of Cox’s media career, he ran and lost against Warren G. Harding in the 1920 Presidential election. Upon losing the election, Cox decided to return to Ohio and focus on his media business. In 1934, he established the broadcasting center WHIO in Dayton. Five years later, Cox entered the Atlanta market th rough the purchase of The Atlanta Journal, which included the acquiringRead MoreEdward Murrow and the Birth of Broadcast Journalism Summary Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesEdwards’ career in radio news. While he conducted most of his research through secondary sources, he relied heavily on books by close co-workers of Murrow. With that said, Edward Murrow and the Birth of Broadcast Journalism is a great streamlined tale of Murrow’s journey from a logger, to an education advocate, to broadcast journalism. As a biography, the purpose is to inform and educate about the life and career or Murrow. 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Human Resource Management, Legal Issues And Career Management

Group Discussion Board #7: Patricia America, Demeka Johnson, Erica Steele Eduardo Barnet Liberty University Introduction As a group we summarized that the three most important topics are; The Importance of Human Resource Management, Legal Issues and Career Management. It is critical within the business world that managers are abreast of policies and laws that will guide both the manager and the employee. Career management is also important if the employee wants longevity within the marketplace. Group Consensus If HR was absent from an organization, the company and employees stand unprotected. Policies and procedures are vital in implementation of laws and instructions that guide managers through the processes of hiring, retaining, and termination (Satterlee, 2013, p. 211). Biblical Integration The Bible is the ultimate Human resource guild book. It teaches us how to manage people. The Human Resource Department is responsible for the most important asset of the organization and that’s the people. With such oversight they must abide by the laws and regulations that admonishes to treat all people fairly, and to operate from a place of integrity. Corinthians: 4:2 reads that â€Å"Moreover it is required in stewards that one is found faithful.† In the Bible, God does not specifically speak on our career path but in Romans 12: 6-8 it lets us know that we have each been graced with different gifts, and we should use them in proportion toShow MoreRelatedHr Career Outlook952 Words   |  4 Pages|[Human Resources Career outlook] | |This career outlook report will include a summary of the career, salary ranges in the state of Florida, employment outlooks, types of positions within the field of| |HR, and educational requirements. | Read MoreTable Of ContentsPrefacexiiiPART ONEThe Strategic Human1743 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Preface xiii PART ONE The Strategic Human Resource Management Model 2 Chapter 1 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Chapter Objectives Challenges Facing Canadian Organizations Spotlight on Ethics: What Is a â€Å"Right† Behaviour? 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Essay on New Deal - 774 Words

The most active First Hundred Days was under president Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s first term. In a desperate attempt to solving the woes of the American population, FDR and his Congress passed more bills than any other president-congressional combination as ever done in their first impression time period. FDR’s domestic policy, known more widely as the New Deal, was intended to be a group of innovative measures to counteract the effects of the Great Depression. Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress, trying to reduce unemployment, restore prosperity and return a sense of morale to American citizens, endorsed a wide variety of bills creating new federal programs and agencies. These agencies were known as alphabet agencies due to their titles†¦show more content†¦Also, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which set guidelines for the stock market to prevent speculation like that that led to the Great Depression. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Despite those agencies mentioned above, the other creations of the New Deal led to nothing but trouble in the long run. Agencies such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Works Progress Administration (WPA), and Public Works Act (PWA) created jobs for none other than young white men, excluding women and blacks to a large degree. These agencies provided so-called jobs to men, though they were not considered jobs to critics of the program, who called them boondoggling jobs. Some people were required to dig a trench, then fill it in again just so they could get a salary and say they had a job. Conservatives condemned this as a waste of government funds. The Tennessee Valley Authority, or the TVA, was created mainly to set standards for electric rates, but also for jobs, reforestation and flood control. In the program, Congress measured the cost of providing electricity to this region and determined standard rates. Conservatives declared that Congress was â €Å"pouring socialism in concrete.† This meant that by building the dams, the government gained the ability to control prices, a socialist concept. Also accursed as socialist was the National Recovery Administration, or NRA, which set up standard competitive codes for each industry, again giving government control ofShow MoreRelated The New Deal1585 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s 32nd president. This democrat, inaugurated on March 4, 1933, won the 1932 election against Hoover by a landslide. The new president made a promise to his citizens, â€Å"I pledge you, I pledge myself, a new deal for the American people.† He reassured Americans that he would change their lives. 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The reasoning you gave to the situation would probably give a clue as to where you fit in the status quo. However, this paper is about bringing to light if I think the new deal was successful or not. In my opinion yes the new deal was a success, though not entirely in the way intended. To start off IRead MoreThe New Deal Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Deal The New Deal had three aims Relief, which was to help with unemployment, Recovery to rebuild the economy and to return USA to the 1920s economic boom. The New Deal was not a complete success, but it did prevent things from getting worse, it dealt with unemployment in a way. One of the aims of the New Deal was to provide Relief; I am going to assess the successes and failures of this aim. The role of the FERA, they were kind of a success because theyRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe program the New Deal, came to presidency. It was a series of social liberal programs applied in the United States in 1933-1938 in response to the Great Depression. The New Deal was focused on three main principles: relief, recovery, and reform.[footnoteRef:1] They promised to bring the country to prosperity and economically stable future. However, the Conservatives criticized the New Deal during the whole period of the reforms. It was expressed by Herbert Hoover in Anti-New Deal Campaign SpeechRead MoreThe New Deal: DBQ1337 Words   |  6 Pagescrashed, heralding the tumble into world-wide depression. President Hoover tried to pacify the people by telling them it was temporary and would pass over. But a new figure rose out of the people, promising he would do anything and everything he could to restore their lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to the presi dency, and his new policies would soon sweep over the country. Roosevelts responses to the problems of the Great Depression were successful in strengthening the power of the federalRead MoreOutline Of A New Deal872 Words   |  4 PagesI will introduce the New Deal. I will identify it, discuss the important background circumstances for it, and assess the historical significance. The  New Deal  was a series of  social and economic programs enacted in the United States to fix the depression When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president in 1933. The New Deal had two period that was the First New Deal which was from1933 to 1934 and the Second New Deal which was from 1935 to 1938. Moreover, the New Deal had three main cores: Relief, Recovery

Primary Education In Malaysia Education Essay Free Essays

Primary instruction in Malaysia is under the legal power of the Ministry of Education. It is the goverment duty to give a formal instruction towards kids. Usualy, in Malaysia the mandatory instruction Begin at the age of seven. We will write a custom essay sample on Primary Education In Malaysia Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now To do certain that the pupil has improve on their instruction, it is been set that pupil have to sit for public scrutiny at the terminal of primary instruction to continue to the higher degree of instruction. In Malaysia, there are alterations in course of study of instruction. It starts with the Old Primary School Curriculum before 1982 so it alter into New Primary School Curriculum and now instruction in Malaysia is utilizing Standard Primary School Curriculum. Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) start since Malaya gained independency. Rahman Talib Report the capable reappraisal commission has been established to reexamine the national instruction policy as proposed in the Razak Report that has been established to reexamine the national instruction policy as proposed in the Razak Report that has been made on 1956 and early instruction policy before the 1957 Education Ordinance. There are three phases of instruction system on this course of study. In this course of study, the purpose is to learn all the pupils on how to read and compose. Students had been examined to cognize their ability. Based on Rahman Talib Report, all pupils must go through in Bahasa Melayu paper. On 1979, Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) has been change into New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) . This is because the cabinet commission has found that Old Primary School Curriculum ( KLSR ) have it failing in many ways. Such as, the course of study has been rep eated and does non hold connexion towards each other. In footings of course of study it is rather a batch and it make the pupils felt bored. Besides, the course of study activities that have been done had been teach individually from the course of study and does non hold any connexion with the formal instruction. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) has been made due to the alterations that had been made by the study of the cabinet commission in execution of Education Policy issued in 1979. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) has been launched to the full in 1983. The of import aim of New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) is to do certain that the pupils appreciate and master the Malay linguistic communication as the national linguistic communication and as a tool for solidarity with satisfaction. It besides focused on emphasizes command of basic accomplishments of reading, composing and arithmetic ( 3M ) . New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) besides focused on the pupils holistic in footings of physical, emotion, religious, rational and societal. New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) had been divided into three basic field ; communicating, humanity with the environment and field of self-development. Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) were produce to reorganise and better the bing course of study to guarantee that pupils are provided with the cognition, accomplishments and relevant values to the current demands and challenges of the twenty-first century. The purpose of execution Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) replacing the New Primary School Curriculum ( KBSR ) is to increase pupil involvement in the English topic. In Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) , there are six spikes of course of study that has been design, that is communicating, religious, attitude and value, humanistic disciplines, physical and aesthetic development of scientific discipline and engineering proficiency ego. This course of study are utilizing course of study criterions papers and the design of the course of study is modular. There are two phase in the course of study administration and Standard Primary School Curriculum ( KSSR ) besides concentrating on get the hanging readi ng, composing, mathematics and concluding ( 4M ) every bit good as basic accomplishments and information engineering ( ICT ) . In decision, the Ministry of Education ever tried the best to better the instruction systems in Malaysia particularly from the first phase, which is in primary school. Teachers and pupils have to understand and seeking their best to give the cooperation with the construction course of study that has been made by the ministry of instruction. Primary instruction is a really good starting motor to develop the kids to be the best among the best by utilizing the course of study of instruction in Malaysia. How to cite Primary Education In Malaysia Education Essay, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility and Communities

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Communities. Answer: Introduction: Part (a) states the imposition of new Technology Security Fee (TSF) on the sales of Information Technology products within Australia. The fact is covered within the enumerated powers granted under section 51 of Constitutional law to the Commonwealth Parliament. Considering the legislation of section 51(i) on trade and commerce with other countries as well as among states, it is essential to follow the definition of trade and commerce with respect to the nature of rights, duties, powers and privileges[1]. As per the decision created in case of W A McArthur Ltd v Queensland, court held that the trade and commerce among different countries would not be limited to the transportation act over the border. Further, court held that the act of trade and commerce would include the financial transactions along with the participation of federal government principles[2]. The act of trade and commerce as per the legislation includes certain prohibition of definite trade that has been considered in the decided case of Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth. Legislation of section 51(i) includes trade and commerce between interstate as well as intrastate if the act is inseparably connected. In the present case, objective of TSF includes funding the operations and activities of National Security Bureau (NSB), which is not a part of trade and commerce. On the contrary, fact mentioned in part (a) constitutes the primary grant of the constitution power, use of fund for non- trade activity purpose will not be considered as invalid act. In view of the legislation on trade and commerce act, charges and collection of fund does not constitute any interconnection between the trading activities of IT products based on the interstate as well as intrastate transaction. For the purpose of validating a trade activity under the Australian Constitution, it is essential to regulate the transaction within the meaning of trade and commerce[3]. Therefore, part (a) of the proposed bill for the purpose of intrastate trade cannot be called as valid under the constitutional law. On the other hand, legislation under section 51 (ii) with respect to taxation is valid but invalid as per the regulations under section 55 of the Constitutional Act. The legislation states that the taxation amount refers to the amount collected by public authority as per the requirement of legislations and not the amount collected against the services offered[4]. In the given case, TSF has been collected by the vendors that does not constitute a part of public authorities while the collected amount would be directly paid to the bank account of NSB. According to the legislation of section 51(ii), the collection of charges cannot be said as invalid due to the collecting non- public party. It is important that the charges should be collected for the purpose of public use while the collected party may be non- public authority. Proposed National Security Act 2017 is not valid As per the legislation of Constitutional Law in Australia, all the technology businesses in Australia entitles to register and obtain business license for operating the business activities of information technology. Further, exclusive powers of the constitutional parliament proposed laws for appropriating the amount of revenue including the amount of taxation should not be originated from Senate. However, the proposed law should not constitute the amount of revenue collection or tax imposition resulting from the appropriation of licenses fees[5]. On the contrary, as per the constitutional law in Australia, businesses involved in the operations of information technology for creating, repairing or dealing in the process of information technology requires to obtain security license. Further, the business organizations located in New South Wales and Queensland are required to obtain security licenses mandatorily whether the business organization is sole business entity or corporate entity. The constitution of Australia provides the legislation on purchasing the information security licenses for the business organizations engaged in the operating activities of information technology[6]. Moreover, the power of parliament does not provide the authority to terminate the business activity as well as power to forfeit the organizational asset to the National Security Bureau (NSB). Appropriation of Bills under the constitution of states the acquisition of license for appropriation of money in terms of revenue. Considering the decided case of Entick v Carrington (1765) 19 Howells State Trials 1030, court held that purchase of security license for the business entities involved in the Information Technology refers to the purchase of private security. However, business operations in the sector of information technology involve several cyber crime attacks that affect the business functions and therefore it is essential to obtain the security license to protect the IT business. Considering the fact of part (b) failure in purchasing of IT Security License involves termination of business and forfeiture of assets along with no rights of appeal to the court or tribunal. It can be said that each individual or organizations have the right to appeal under Writ Petition if no other option of appeal is available[7]. Therefore, first point of the fact given in part (b) is no t valid as per the Australian Constitutional Law. Requirement on the second point of the given fact part (b) states that the technology business in Australia should provide complete details with respect to full names and personal information. The details would be related to all the employees, corporate officers, partners and shareholders for the purpose of creating a National IT Registry[8]. According to the legislation on Constitution of Australia, this point is valid because it is essential to maintain the records of details of employees and other corporate stakeholders including shareholders. Such information is important to eliminate the probable risks from fraud and error activities that may involve with the cyber crime or other frauds in the information technology business activities. Proposed National Security Act 2017 is valid Section 109 of the Constitutional Law in Australia states the regulations of legislative discrepancy among the laws of federal law as well as state laws. It states that the provisions and regulations of Commonwealth law override the provision of State law in case there is any inconsistency between the two legislations. As per the explanatory memorandum provided by the parliament as per the power under constitutional head, Australian citizenship of the individual would be in consistent with the power provided under the legislation of section 51(xix). Under the Australian constitution, the parliament has been given the power to state the concept of citizenship in Australia as well as control orders to operate the business activities[9]. Moreover, ex parte order refers the proceedings under judiciary that is considered for the benefit of one party only. It is also referred as connection with the individual represented against the attorney for the purpose of significant person named as per the legislative term. In view of the amendment in the legislation of the constitution, it has been stated that the any individual should not be destitute with the requirements of life, property or any source of liberty unless the due process of law has been constituted[10]. In the given part of the fact, National Security Bureau proposed to make application for ex parte to the court, which may provide the order against the Australian individuals. Such order would require the person to remain deprived from sources of liberty, remain in home, surrender passport and reporting at the local police station every day. The order would also provide the restriction on the business organizations involved in information technology for a maximum period of 10 years. According to the regulation of section 109, legislation of Commonwealth Act would prevail whereas proceedings under ex parte jurisdiction can be considered for urgent matters where serving notice to one party would place irrevocable harm. Accordingly, NSB can make application as ex parte to the court only of the matter consists of urgent and irrevocable harm to the party. Consequently, the order on the person with respect to remain in home and other restrictions would be valid provided in the Bill. Moreover, the legislation under Constitutional Law of Australia states that if the ex parte order has been imposed against the defendant, then the person would be entitled to make application to the court that passed the set aside decree under the order number 9 Rule 13. The defendant is also entitled to make application for review or revision as per the legislations in terms of prohibition writ, mandamus or certiorari[11]. Considering the decided case of Boilermakers, R v Kirby, the defendant ex party Boilermakers Society conducted prohibition writ against the party named, Kirby after the ex parte order had been imposed on the defendant. However, it is essential for the defendant party to maintain the appropriate evidence but representation of lawyer of the proposing party is nor mandatory. Accordingly, in the present case, fact on considering the challenge or appeal against the ex parte order should not be closed to the public. The appeal can be made with respect to the writ prohibition or mandamus but presentation of appropriate evidence along with the brief of prosecution is mandatory. In Addition, point of part (c) for the purpose of representation of case by the lawyer based on the agreement of National Security Bureau is not mandatory for the purpose of making application against the ex party decree. According to the legislation under Rule 36.15(1), a judgment by the court can be set aside in terms of appeal made under ex parte, if the court considers that the party to the application would be illegal or against the good faith. Similar to the decided case of Arnold v Forsythe (2012) NSWCA 18, the judgment under the application of ex parte order had been set aside since the party entered in the contract was irregular and conducted the agreement against the constitutions good faith. Therefore, in the given situation, the given point under the Bill would be valid for setting aside the order because threat of person on Australias national security is considered against the good faith of the constitution[12]. Proposed National Security Act 2017 is not valid Section 51 provides exclusive power to the parliament under Australian Constitutional Law with respect to the pensions and bonuses to the household citizens of Australia. The amount of payment of such bonus payable would be dependent on the purpose of payment of bonus. As per the regulations of Constitution, bonus is mandatorily payable to the employers and taxpayers against the services rendered by them[13]. Further, High court of Australia contended that the amount of bonus payable to the Australian citizens up to the amount of $900. In the given case of part (d) under the proposed Bill of National Security Bureau, proposed to authorize the Commonwealth Government for the purpose of payment of National Security Bonuses amounted to $1,000 to each of the household citizens. The proposal has been constituted to make provision for the Information Technology security measures at their home. In view of the decided case of Langer v The Commonwealth (1996) 186 CLR 302, court held that the defendant party, Langer would be entitled to receive bonus as per the legislations of Australian Constitution up to the amount of $900[14]. Accordingly, in the present case National Security Bureaus proposed Bill for authorizing the payment of bonus amounted to $1,000 cannot be said to be valid. The purpose of the proposed bonus is to provide security measures against the Information Technology to the household citizens the maximum bonus of which should be $900 as per the legislation and courts decree. Therefore, NSBs authorization for payment of bonus can be valid for the amount $900 and not for $1,000. Reference List Arcioni, E. and Stone, A., The small brown bird: Values and aspirations in the Australian Constitution (2016).International Journal of Constitutional Law,14(1), pp.60-79. Australia.Gov.Au (2017) Australia.gov.au https://www.australia.gov.au/ Care, E., Scoular, C. and Bui, M., Australia in the Context of the ATC21S Project (2015). InAssessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills(pp. 183-197). Springer Netherlands. Cheng, Jianjun and Alan P. Kozikowski, "We Need 2C But Not 2B: Developing Serotonin 2C (5-HT 2C ) Receptor Agonists For The Treatment Of CNS Disorders" (2015) 10 ChemMedChem Christensen, S., O'Connor, P., Duncan, W.D. and Lark, A., Statutory licences and third party dealings: Property analysis v statutory interpretation (2015).New Zealand Law Review,2015(4), pp.585-615. Dixon, R., an Australian (partial) bill of rights (2014).International Journal of Constitutional Law,14(1), pp.80-98. Evans, M., Subsidiarity and federalism: a case study of the Australian Constitution and its interpretation (2014). InGlobal Perspectives on Subsidiarity(pp. 185-205). Springer Netherlands. Kiefel, S. and Puig, G.V., The Constitutionalisation of Free Trade by the High Court of Australia and the Court of Justice of the European Union1 (2014).Global Journal of Comparative Law,3(1), pp.34-49. Mayes, R., A social licence to operate: corporate social responsibility, local communities and the constitution of global production networks (2015).Global Networks,15(s1), pp.S109-S128. Posner, E.A., The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities BY STEPHEN BREYER ALFRED A. KNOPF (2015).Yale LJ,126, pp.504-545. Saunders, C. and Foster, M., The Australian Federation: A story of the centralization of power (2014). InFederalism and legal unification(pp. 87-102). Springer Netherlands. Shanahan, M.P. and Round, K., Creating the secret register: The background to the register of trade agreements in Australia, 19671974 (2014).Entreprises et histoire, (3), pp.72-91. Stone, A., Constitutional Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom and Australia: The Deepening Divide: Constitutional Review under the UK Human Rights Act by Aileen Kavanagh (2014).Melb. UL Rev.,38, p.836. Van Gramberg, B., Bamber, G.J., Teicher, J. and Cooper, B., Conflict management in Australia (2014).The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations, pp.425-448.